On 19 September 2014 I attended the symposium “In Our Backyard: State Governments Respond to Sex Trafficking of Children” at the Indiana University McKinney School of Law. Although “human trafficking” or “sex trafficking” has long prospered and was popularized by the Martin Scorsese film “Taxi Driver” it has not been until recent years that is has been gaining significant law enforcement and legislative attention. Indiana’s statutory law on human trafficking is found at IC 35-42-3.5 which became effective on 2006 and was amended in 2013. Human sex trafficking is defined as: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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A person knowingly or intentionally recruiting, harboring, or transporting a child less than eighteen (18) years of age with the intent of engaging the child in prostitution or sexual deviant conduct commits promotion of human trafficking of a minor.
A person who is at least eighteen (18) years of age who knowingly or intentionally sells or transfers custody of a child less than eighteen (18) years of age for the purpose of prostitution or participating in sexual deviant conduct commits sexual trafficking of a minor.
A person who knowingly or intentionally pays, offers to pay, or agrees to pay money or other property to another person for an individual who the person knows has been forced into prostitution commits human trafficking.
My purpose in bringing the issue of child sex trafficking to your attention today is in an effort to prevent victimization and provide some basis for how the risk to children is established. Similarly I have previously written about “Most Parents Encourage Sexual Abuse of Their Children.” Like inducing sexual molestation of children, the pathway for children to enter the human sex trafficking network has often been paved by the parents as this symposium revealed.
First, some background about the symposium and its participants. The symposium featured:
~ Bridgette Carr, Clinical Professor of Law from the University of Michigan Law School. Professor Carr directs the Human Trafficking Clinic at the University of Michigan and is the co-author of the first case book addressing the law and policy of human trafficking (LexisNexis 2014). Professor Carr shared her experiences as a lawyer, as one who has testified before the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, and as a teacher in this complex area of law and policy.
~ Holly Austin Smith, Human Trafficking Survivor and Author of Walking Prey: How America's Youth are Vulnerable to Sex Slavery . Ms. Smith shared her perspectives, experiences, and told participants about her role in changing state laws influencing the protection of our youth and the prosecution of the criminals who benefit from the sex trafficking industry.
~ Carlos Gonzalez, 2014 Program on Law and State Government Fellow. Mr. Gonzalez presented his scholarship regarding how state governments and local law enforcement units collaborate to identify minor victims of sex trafficking and aggressively prosecute sex traffickers and purchasers.
~ Chelsea Shelburne, 2014 Program on Law and State Government Fellow. Ms. Shelburne presented her scholarship regarding how state juvenile justice systems could be better tools for preventing sex trafficking of children and prosecuting the adults who support the sex trafficking industry.
A panel of prosecutors and law enforcement officers addressed intergovernmental collaboration on the criminal prosecutions of sex trafficking and related crimes. This panel was comprised of;
~ Casey Bates, Human Exploitation and Trafficking Unit (H.E.A.T.), Deputy District Attorney, Alameda County, California
~ Howard Marcus, U.S. Attorney’s Office of the Eastern District of Missouri, Assistant U.S. Attorney, Section Chief of National Security/Child Exploitation
~ Lieutenant Charles “Chuck” Cohen, Indiana State Police Commander, Special Investigations and Criminal Intelligence;
A panel of experts explored different state approaches and policies to address justice and recovery for victims of child sex trafficking. This panel was comprised of;
~ Lisa S. Elwood, University of Indianapolis, Director of Clinical Training and Assistant Professor, School of Psychological Sciences
~ Christine Raino, Shared Hope International, Policy Counsel
~ Abigail Lawlis Kuzma, Office of the Indiana Attorney General, Director and Chief Counsel of Consumer Protection, Co-chair Designee, Indiana Protection for Abused and Trafficked Humans Task Force
The symposium panelists discussed the matter of attacking human sex trafficking through supply of victims, supply of traffickers, and demand of users.
Demand is established primarily directly through prostitution where users exchange money for particular sexual encounters. Females are nearly universally represented by a trafficker while males nearly always act as independent contractors. Thus, trafficking laws rarely apply to male victims. A second component of demand is pornography. Often times the supply of children [and those who have subsequently become adults] provided to the porn industry have been groomed by traffickers.
Traffickers are finding the human sex trafficking industry to be very profitable. Traffickers may be what is typically portrayed in the popular media as the urban pimp. More often though now traffickers are organized street gangs who may concurrently be in or were formerly in the illicit drug business. The list of traffickers also includes the highly organized traffickers that operate through bricks and mortar offices with a high internet utilization. This final category of traffickers has a high proportion of female proprietors to males many of whom were previously trafficked for sexual services.
The supply of victims is what most concerns me as an advocate for children and advisor on matters related to child custody. Victims are diverse among age and socio-economic backgrounds although they are predominantly from racial minority and financially insecure groups. The correlation between poverty and trafficking has been corroborated by qualitative reports from law enforcement, social service providers, and others working in the anti-trafficking movements. [fn1] Most victims arrive to traffickers through coercion or deceit rather than abductions. Male traffickers will groom an adolescent female through special attention, adornment, and presentation of gifts and privilege that other girls do not receive. Upon being well established into the sexual servitude lifestyle she is replaced by the next recruit. Female traffickers entice young females into the lifestyle through promises of friendship and safety from the dangers of the street. The ploy of gifts and extravagance are also employed until the child is well established in the lifestyle.
What many of us on the front lines of family discord and child endangerment have intuitively known for years is now being confirmed through scientifically based analysis. That is, neglect of children -- emotional and physical -- is more harmful to children than abuse. Panelist from different disciplines uniformly presented that the role of parents was a significant contributor to the likelihood that a child would be recruited into a child sex trafficking network. Parents who divorce or do not reside together, are not attentive to and aware of a child’s friends and associates, do not show adequate affection, or do not set appropriate boundaries for their children are primarily responsible for children entering the sex industry.
The themes of trauma, abandonment, and disruption, begun in childhood, are central to the narratives of adolescent girls trafficked into commercial sexual exploitation. Girls describe having had a profound sense of being alone without resources: “They [the women and girls] described their isolation, lack of connectedness, and feelings of separation as the single most important factor in making them vulnerable to prostitution to begin with…” [fn2]
An interesting take away from the symposium related to child molestation and prostitution came from the law enforcement side. From there it was revealed that perpetrators of child molestation can avoid lengthy prison terms tied to child molestation by leaving money with the child after the offense. In those cases police/prosecutors have at times only sought enforcement of the prostitution statute. They have also pursued the child victim as an offender -- prostitute -- rather than a victim of sexual abuse However, under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act [http://www.state.gov/j/tip/laws/], these individuals previously identified as criminals should be identified and treated as trafficking victims. Ideally, every law enforcement officer would have the proper training and tools (e.g., common screening questions and protocols) to be able to correctly apply the trafficking law, make the proper distinctions, and refer trafficking victims for health and human services.
Notes
[1] Clawson, H. J., & Dutch, N. (2008). Addressing the needs of victims of human trafficking: Challenges, barriers, and promising practices. Fairfax, VA: ICF International.
[2] Rabinovitch, J. (2003). PEERS: The Prostitutes’ Empowerment, Education, and Resource Society. In M. Farley (Ed.), Prostitution, trafficking, and traumatic stress (pp. 239-253). New York: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press.
Parents who would like to achieve the best outcome for their children in a contested child custody case should visit my website and contact my scheduler to make an appointment to meet with me. Attorneys may request a free consultation to learn how I can maximize their advocacy for their clients.
Connect with me for the latest Indiana child custody related policy considerations, findings, court rulings and discussions. 
Thursday, October 30, 2014
In Our Backyard: State Governments Respond to Sex Trafficking of Children
Thursday, October 23, 2014
2014 Strengthening Families Fall Conference
The 2014 Strengthening Families Fall Conference, sponsored by the Indiana Department of Child Services, took place on 15-17 September 2014 at the Indianapolis Hilton North. This was the 20th of the Institutes which are offered twice annually. The three day institute offered morning and afternoon workshops that were three hours each in duration.
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The value in this event for parents, especially those in custody battles, is immense. While I have paid hundreds of dollars for similar one day seminars this semi-annual Institute remains the most affordable at $50 for all three days which includes breakfast and afternoon snack.
The courses I took were;
1] The Trauma of Child Molestation
2] Learn the Signs. Act Early. Resources to Support Early Identification of Autism and Other Developmental Concerns
3] We Collaborate Every Day with Clients, Co-workers, and Partners
4] Getting Dads Involved - Why and How
5] The Art of Effective Communication
6] Coaching
Additional conference offerings included;
~ Recognizing the signs and impact of stress, trauma, and abuse on the development and functioning of young children;
~ Laughter Yoga;
~ Heroin in Indiana;
~ Building trust;
~ Understanding addiction and brain disease;
~ Infant mortality;
~ Power of the mind.
1] The Trauma of Child Molestation was presented by John Day who has 29 years of clinical practice experience specializing in play therapy with traumatized children. He currently teaches full time at Wabash Valley College in Mount Carmel, Illinois.
Parties to divorce and adverse parental relationships have a proportionally higher rate of childhood sexual victimization than the general population. As our society is more willing to be open about sexual issues and reporting of abuse the victimization rate has declined. The rate of childhood sexual victimization in the United States is declining. Due in part to the heavy financial judgments levied against the Catholic Church and the corresponding media coverage as well as identification and funding of effective abuse prevention programs. It is currently estimated that sexual abuse of girls has dropped to 20% while the rate for boys has dropped to five percent. Participants learned how to identify the signs of sexual abuse in children through the presentation of case studies. They also learned about the short and long term neurological effects of trauma including how brain development is affected. I have previously written about How Parents Induce Child Molestation which presents some of the ways to reduce opportunities for childhood victimization.
2] Learn the Signs. Act Early. Resources to Support Early Identification of Autism and Other Developmental Concerns was presented by Steve Viehweg is a founding chair of the Indiana Association for Infant and Toddler Mental Health. He is currently Associate Director of the Riley Child Development Center. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is now the term used to cover an array of neurological conditions related to Autism. The affect rate is now said to be 1 in 68 by the age of eight years. As with any condition accurate assessment and diagnosis is critical. The overuse of ADHD and bi-polar labeling along with the subsequent use of drugs to tranquilize “normal” children for the convenience and profit of adults. ASD is at risk of being overly diagnosed and any diagnosis should be viewed with skepticism. Parents should learn about what behaviours actually constitute these conditions and what is merely misbehaviour or lack of discipline. Typical symptoms of ASD are easily perceived as disobedience or dishonour which will not be remedied through punishment or humiliation. In my case as a child both strategies only produced resentment, hostility and purposeful disobedience. Early diagnosis provides greater opportunities for remediation. The current average diagnosis is four years and five months. Diagnosis by age 18 months is preferable for the most effective treatment to occur.
3] We Collaborate Every Day with Clients, Co-workers, and Partners was presented by Elizabeth Waetzig is a partner with Change Matrix, LLC. In that capacity she consults in areas of mental health, child welfare, and juvenile justice supporting collaboration between individuals, organizations, and agencies at the community, state, and national level. Marriage, parenting, employment, and other relationships require collaboration to be meaningful and effective. Even those high conflict parents engaged in fierce custody battles need to collaborate. Participants in this session learned about the essential elements of effective collaboration. This begins with establishing the goals of the collaborative effort or expected outcome and establishing the language and definitions to be used. By language I do not intend to convey that of a society but the situational language of the societal language. Attorneys and clients collaborate with the opposing party, a judge, CASA or GAL, and community service providers. Whether the technical language or law or laymans terms and definitions will be used must be understood if accurate delivery of messages is to be received. I have found that innefective use of attorneys and attorney/client conflict often finds its roots in a lack of implementation of some of the basic rules of collaboration. A guiding principle of collaboration should be ‘how can I help others help me to achieve my desired outcome?’
4] Getting Dads Involved - Why and How was presented by Jeff Newnam is the director of the Indiana Fatherhood Coalition and founder of the Indiana Dads Expo. Jeff speaks throughout the state about fatherhood related issues, leads training to help get fathers more involved, and advocates for the rights of fathers. I is well-established that children need the active participation of fathers in their lives if they are to thrive and develop into wholesome beings. Social workers, family law judges, the juvenile justice system, and policy makers need to collaborate on efforts to invite and facilitate greater fatherhood involvement in children’s lives. Societal attitudes, largely fed by popular media, discount the need for and value of fathers to children. Coupled with generations of children without active fathers in the home it is going to take a concerted effort to not only raise awareness but instill the values of fatherhood into both fathers and mothers. Corporate America profits greatly from demeaning fathers and helping to boost the number of fatherless homes.
5] The Art of Effective Communication was presented by Jack McGriffin who has 20 years of experience in an assortment of curriculum including creative problem solving, conflict and resolution, public speaking, and communications. Communication takes place in many forms. Technological advancements are rapidly changing the means by which we communicate and has outpaced the ability of most people to hone the art of communication to be adaptive. Like any art form, effective communication requires patience and practice. Lack of effective communication, I find, underlies most parenting or marital discord. A phrase a simple as ‘feeding the children’ has numerous interpretations which without clarification or situational context could lead to conflict. While one parent may see it as gathering ingredients from the refrigerator and pantry to be prepared and cooked another may see it as ordering a pizza or going out where someone else prepares, cooks, and serves the food -- at a much higher charge. Similar conflict can arise even when precision in form is used. Take the phrase “I will try and do that tomorrow” which can produce disagreement when tomorrow evolves with the task incomplete. That two-part phrase clearly states that on tomorrow I will make an attempt at the task and be successful in completing it. This is because it is a conjunction of two sentences; I will try that tomorrow -- I will do that tomorrow. Careless speakers may use that phrase although other meanings may be intended such as; I intend to have that done by tomorrow; I intend to try to get that done tomorrow, or; I am going to try to fit doing that into my schedule tomorrow. Body language norms have undergone dramatic changes along with the advent of technology. Attention diverted away from the speaker, including eye contact, was once clearly a sign of disinterest or dishonour. However, in our modern world, being attentive to televisions, computers, or hand-held devices while engaged in conversation can be perfectly acceptable. Hand-held devices may be being accessed to glean additional information or clarity on topics of discussion. In our less relaxed and hectic lifestyles facial expressions of angst or irritability may have nothing to do with the speaker or topic of conversation by may instead be reflecting thoughts related to other matters underlying conscious thought. To effectively communicate it is necessary to have a good working grasp of delivery and receipt of messages not only in language structure by situational and cultural usage.
6] Coaching was presented by Jack Needham who specializes in leadership development and executive coaching. For more than 25 years he has been training and coaching individuals in the art of self awareness and personal growth. I participated in this course because it is the same discipline that I practice - life coaching. This workshop would benefit a wide range of people from parents helping their children to managers relating to employees. As the title of the session indicates Needham presented background information and exercises related to coaching among a range of participants. This was little more than reinforcement of practices to which I am already engaged but it would benefit anyone who is in need of skills to help motivate and direct other people.
Each Institute offers a range of workshops that would be useful to parents in general but those who are engaged in child custody litigation or high conflict parenting would be better served.
The various sessions were attended by between 30 and 100 people of which less than 10 percent were men. I observed between two and five men in each session of which one was always me. In regularly attending these types of seminars I have made a general observation which is a truism revealed in restaurants and other group settings. That is, women in small groups, such as at a table, are louder and more boisterous without consideration of others around them moreso than men. This observation is not revealed as a condemnation of women, but rather, to illustrate a difference between women and men which was touched upon in some of the seminars. Women do tend to be more enthusiastic in discussion on matters involving emotion or feelings. While men often complain that they are under-represented in child custody awards, as the demographic of the Institute clearly demonstrates, they do not take an active role in getting educated and participating in child well-being events. This is “The Institute for Strengthening Families.” An outside observer could easily conclude while entering the hotel lobby that men simply don’t care about family.
The 2015 Spring Institute will take place on 20-22 April 2015. I will post information about that when registration is opened.
Parents who would like to achieve the best outcome for their children in a contested child custody case should visit my website and contact my scheduler to make an appointment to meet with me. Attorneys may request a free consultation to learn how I can maximize their advocacy for their clients.
Connect with me for the latest Indiana child custody related policy considerations, findings, court rulings and discussions.
